跪求高中虚拟语气语法

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动词的语气
一.概念
语气有三种:陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气.语气表示说话人对劝词所示示的动作或所处的状态持有的态度或看法.
二.相关知识点精讲
1.辨别if 引导真实条件句和if引导的虚拟条件句的区别
If he has time, he will go with us.= Probably he has time and will go with us.
If he had time, he would go with us.=But in fact he has no time.
2.虚拟条件句中主句和从句的谓与动词构成形式如下表

if条件句中的谓与动词
主句的谓与动词
与现在的事实相反

1. 行为动词用did 形式
2. be动词用were
should
would
could + 动词原形
might
与过去的事实相反

had + done
should
would
could + have + done
might
与将来的事实相反
1. 行为动词用did
2. should + 动词原形
3. were to + 动词原形
should
would
could + 动词原形
might
3.混合时间的虚拟语气
如果条件句中的动作和主句的动作不是同时发生，主句和从句的谓语动词的形式应分别根据各自所表示的时间加以调整。
1)0If I had received the passport yesterday, I would start today.
2)If he had telephoned me last night, I would see him now.
3)If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be all right now.
4)If China had not been liberated, the working people would still be leading a miserable life.
4.should/ could / might/ ought to + have done 表示“过去本应该/可以做而实际上却没做”
needn’t have done 表示“过去没必要作而实际上做了”
5.虚拟语气中的倒装句
如果虚拟语气的条件从句谓语动词中含有were, had, could, should，有时可将if省去，而将条件从句的主语置于were, had, should, could 之后。
Had you invited us, we would have come to your party.
Were I you, I would do more practice after class.
Could she lend us a helping hand, she would do so.
6.wish 后面的宾语从句的谓语动词应使用虚拟语气，表示“可惜…；….就好了； 悔不该…； 但愿…。”
主句谓语
从句谓语
wish
时态
谓语动词的形式
现在时
表示与wish同时发生
动词用过去时
be动词用were
过去时
表示在wish之前发生的动作
动词用had done
be用had been
将来时
表示在wish之后发生的动作
动词用would do; should do
be 用 would be ; should be
1)I wish I knew the key to the answer.
2)I wish I were ten years younger.
3)I wish that I had gone to the football match last week.
4)I wish that you had been here yesterday.
5)He wishes that we would visit the old school.
7.表示命令或建议动词suggest, insist, propose, desire, demand, request, order, command 后的宾语从句中应使用虚拟 should +动词原形； should 不可用would 来替代; 主句所使用的动词时态不限。
8.suggest 为“建议去做…; 命令…”从句用should + do
为“ 说明；暗示”, 从句用过去时或过去完成时。
1) The doctor suggested that I should take the medicine three times a day.
2) The doctor suggested that my grandmother had caught a bad cold.
9.insist “坚持要去做…，坚持应该去做”，从句用should + do为“坚持表明，坚持说/解释”， 从句用过去时或过去完成时。
10.虚拟语气也用于表语从句和主语从句中，表示间接的命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句的主语通常是suggestion, proposal, request, order, idea 等。表语从句中的谓语动词是should +动词原型，should 可以省略。
11.在主语从句中，当从句用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜等，从句的谓语动词用需拟语气形式。其谓语动词时should + 动词原型， 或should 省略。

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去参考书上找 然后生背

一、第二条件句、第三条件句
第一条件句：
If you study harder, you will pass the exam.

而一旦，我们将“条件句”主观化(不再用一般现在时)，显然，事情发生的几率就大大降低了
If you should pass the exam, I would buy a new PSP for you.

第二条件句：（虚拟现在或将来）
If you studied harder, you would pass the exam.
If you were to be the president of the US, I would be the First Lady.

If I had a million dollars, I would donate it to the Project Hope.
If I were you, I would accept the invitation.

第三条件句：（虚拟过去）
He may/ might/ could have given you more help, if you had begged several more times.

We shouldn't have started earlier, unless everyone had been here.

He would have shown his father his report card, if there hadn’t been so many gusts.

You needn't have told him your plan, unless he had asked you to do so.

二、虚拟条件句中，主句或从句，二者省略一个，表达某种强烈的情感
You need not have accept his apology.
You should have told me that.
I could have ordered the train ticket.
If I were at home. If only you had not been so ambitious.

三、特殊动词，宾语从句的虚拟
I wish I had your brains. I wish I had not said that. I wish I should have a chance.

I would rather you were here now.
I would rather you had seen the movie yesterday.
I would rather you went aboard tomorrow.

I insisted the committee (should)accept his proposal.
The officer ordered everyone in the army (should) cut their long hair.
They suggested the company (should) kick the black sheep out.
should的意思是“应当而未”
这类动词有：prefer, insist, order, advise, suggest, demand, require,

四、表达观点的形容词名词后的主语从句也要用虚拟
It's natural that he (should) lead the team.
It’ s high/ about time you (should) go to work.
It's a pity that he (should) be such a guy who got his parents out of home.
It's surprising that he (should) have missed the last bus.